XLMR 21: IL1RAPL1 Gene Sequencing
Condition Description
Both deletions and point mutations in the IL1RAPL1 gene (Xp22.1-p21.3) have been associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). Affected males usually have mild to severe nonsyndromic XLMR without other abnormalities, dysmorphic features, or neurological findings. Hyperactivity and self-aggressive behavior have been reported. Females in some families have been reported to have MR, while females in other families appear to be unaffected.
IL1RAPL1 may also be deleted in families with a contiguous gene deletion syndrome that includes MR, adrenal hypoplasia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and glycerol kinase deficiency.
For patients with suspected XLMR 21, sequence analysis is recommended as the first step in mutation identification. For patients in whom mutations are not identified by full gene sequencing, deletion/duplication analysis is appropriate.
References:
- Carrie et al. 1999. A new member of the IL-1 receptor family highly expressed in hippocampus and involved in X-linked mental retardation. Nature Genetics 23:25-31.
- Nawara et al. 2008. Novel mutation of IL1RAPL1 gene in a nonspecific X-linked mental retardation (MRX) family. Am J Med Genet Part A 146A:3167-3172.
- OMIM: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=300143
Genes (1)
Indications
This test is indicated for:
- Confirmation of a clinical diagnosis of XLMR 21
- Carrier testing in adult females with a family history of XLMR 21
Methodology
Detection
Clinical Sensitivity: Unknown. Mutations in the promoter region, some mutations in the introns and other regulatory element mutations cannot be detected by this analysis. Large deletions will not be detected by this analysis. Results of molecular analysis should be interpreted in the context of the patient's biochemical phenotype.
Analytical Sensitivity: ~99%
Specimen Requirements
Submit only 1 of the following specimen types
Preferred specimen type: Whole Blood
Type: Whole Blood
Specimen Requirements:
In EDTA (purple top) tube:Infants (<2 years): 2-3 ml
Children (>2 years): 3-5 ml
Older Children & Adults: 5-10 ml
Specimen Collection and Shipping: Refrigerate until time of shipment. Ship sample within 5 days of collection at room temperature with overnight delivery.
Type: Saliva
Specimen Requirements:
OrageneTM Saliva Collection kit (available through EGL) used according to manufacturer instructions.Specimen Collection and Shipping: Store sample at room temperature. Ship sample within 5 days of collection at room temperature with overnight delivery.
Special Instructions
Submit copies of diagnostic biochemical test results with the sample, if appropriate. Contact the laboratory if further information is needed.
Sequence analysis is required before deletion/duplication analysis by targeted CGH array. If sequencing is performed outside of EGL Genetics, please submit a copy of the sequencing report with the test requisition.
Related Tests
- Deletion/duplication analysis of the IL1RAPL1 gene by CGH array is available for those individuals in whom sequence analysis is negative.
- A CGH array-based test for deletion/duplication analysis of 64 different X-linked intellectual disability genes is available (OL).
- Custom diagnostic mutation analysis (KM) is available to family members if mutations are identified by targeted mutation testing or sequencing analysis.
- Prenatal testing is available to adult females who are confirmed carriers of mutations. Please contact the laboratory genetic counselor to discuss appropriate testing prior to collecting a prenatal specimen.